Monster Rancher Rebirth

Monster Rancher Rebirth is a Monster Rancher game for the Wii U and a reboot to the Monster Rancher series. It's a typical Monster Rancher game; you raise monsters and have them fight in tournaments in order to get yourself and your monsters to the top of the rankings. On top of that, there's a storyline present throughout the game and you get further through this story as you continue rising through the ranks.

Generating Monsters
There are three ways to get monsters in this game. The first is the classic CD/DVD method from previous Monster Rancher games, in which you can get monsters by using whatever CDs and DVDs you have. The second is the Magic Field/Magic Spell method from Monster Rancher DS, in which you draw images on the Game Pad's touch screen to get monsters. The third method of getting monsters is generating them from the book, another method found in previous games.

Monster Genders
For the first time ever, monsters' genders are known. Most monsters can be either male or female, but there are some monsters that are male only and some that are female only. For example, all Pixie monsters and all monsters with Pixie sub-breeds are female only. You get your first look at your monster's gender when you get to the process of naming your monster and you can get more looks at your monster's gender when examining your monster data.

The Main Character
Like in previous Monster Rancher games, the main character is a silent character whose personality and actions are determined by the player. However, this character is not faceless and can in fact be controlled by the player, much like Phayne and Julio from Monster Rancher 4 and Monster Rancher EVO, respectively. On top of that, you can not only name the character anything you want, but you can also choose their gender as well as customize this character to your liking.

Customizing Your Character
Let's go over how customizing your character works. At the beginning of the game, you'll be tasked with creating your avatar before you do anything else. Here, you choose your character's gender as mentioned above and then you get to work on selecting your character's skin color, eye color, hair color, and hair style. As for the outfit, both the male and the female character are given preset outfits that you can change at any time when the game starts. You just have to buy clothes in towns and then put those clothes onto your character. The character's hair style and hair color can also be changed later after the game starts, however, what you can't change after the game starts is the character's skin color and eye color.

Your Breeder Assistant
After you're done creating your avatar, you then get to decide which Monster Association your character joins. You have four choices: IMA, FIMBA, AGIMA, and BOMBA. Which Breeder Assistant you get depends on which of these associations you chose, but they all the work the same as Breeder Assistants in other games; they tell you things like what point your monsters are at in their life spans, they let you know about bad things that have happened to your monsters like Injury or Sickness, and other stuff. One thing they don't tell you in Monster Rancher Rebirth is how tired or hungry your monsters are because you can see that stuff for yourself when interacting with your monsters at your Ranch. We'll get to this later.

Training Monsters
Monster Rancher Rebirth uses the very same schedule system from Monster Rancher 4. You set up eight-week schedules, one for each monster in your possession, that repeat again and again until you decide to change them. For each week, you can have your monster either train or rest during those weeks, depending on your choices. What kind of training your monsters can do depends on what you have. At first, your monsters will only be able to do things like Exercise, which increases Power, Meditation, which increases Intelligence, and other stuff that increases other stats. But, after you win the Official Rank E Cup and make Rank D for the first time, you will unlock Training Gadgets, which are much more effective. To better understand this system, it is recommended that you either watch gameplay footage of Monster Rancher 4 showing the schedule system or play Monster Rancher 4 yourself.

Training Gadgets
Speaking of Training Gadgets, let's go over how those work. In Monster Rancher Rebirth, after you unlock them, you will be able to buy and combine materials for Training Gadgets when you head to town. First, you'll need a Gadget Kit. This is basically the gadget itself and each kit affects a different stat or set of stats. Second, you'll need what's known as a Geonyte Tank. These tanks come in three different sizes and like the Gadget Kits, each Geonyte Tank affects a different stat or set of stats. Combine the Gadget Kit with a Geonyte Tank of your choosing and you'll have your Training Gadget. You'll then need to place the gadget on your ranch. The gadget can be placed anywhere on your ranch as long as there's enough space.

As long as we're still here, let's give an example of a combination for creating gadgets.

A Gadget Kit that increases a monster's Power combined with a Defense Tank can create a Training Gadget that raises Power and Defense. Another way to this sort of thing would be to combine a Gadget Kit that increases Defense and a Power Tank.

Another thing I probably need to address is what gadgets would be featured in Monster Rancher For Wii U. Well, all I can think of are the very same gadgets that were featured in Monster Rancher 4 plus new gadgets.

Free Time and Weekend
These are also taken right out of Monster Rancher 4. After a week starts and you have everything set up, you can then begin your monsters' training. After the results of the training are shown, you then move on to Free Time in which you take control of your character and have him or her run around the ranch to interact with your monsters. You move the character using the control stick on the Game Pad or whatever controller you're using. When your character walks up to a monster, hit the A Button and then you'll be able to perform the following four actions: praise your monster, scold it, feed it, and give it a present. You can performs these actions once each with each of your monsters, except for feeding, which you can do multiple times depending on how hungry your monster is. Once you decide Free Time is over, it's then on to Weekend. Here, you can enter a tournament, run around a town, go on an adventure after you unlock that mode, or just move right on to next week. However, in Monster Rancher Rebirth, there's also a new mode in which you can play minigames with your monsters. These minigames, if everything goes well, can increase your monsters stats even more and also raise their bond with both you and the other monsters in your roster.

Towns
When you go to Weekend and select Town, you'll be able to select a town and then take control of your character and run around that town. At first, you only have access to one town, but you'll gain access to other towns as you continue running through the game's story. When running around a town, you can access a wide variety of facilities. These include item shops, where you can buy food an other items for your monsters, as well as gadget shops, where you buy materials for Training Gadgets and then put these materials together to make Training Gadgets. In the first town you access, you can also access the Shrine and the Monster Association.

Adventure Mode
This is another mode in which the player takes control of their character and has him or her run around places. During Weekends, you and up to three of your monsters can explore a dungeon. During these adventures, you can find items, battle wild monsters, and, depending on what point in the game you're in, battle bosses.

During adventures, there's an energy meter that decreases as you move around. As long as you have energy remaining, your monsters can be healed slowly but surely as you move around the dungeon as long as they haven't been KO'd. Unlike in Monster Rancher 4, though, you can refill this energy gauge with the use of certain items in Monster Rancher Rebirth. You won't be forced to end the adventure if the energy gauge runs out, but you will need to be more careful when battling wild monsters unless you have a good stock of healing items.

Speaking of items, there are treasure boxes scattered throughout the dungeons that contain items. Be careful, though. Sometimes, when you open a treasure box, that treasure box will be revealed to be a Jack-In-the-Cho and you'll be forced to fight it. Only when you beat it will you get the item.

Speaking of battles, to battle a wild monster in a dungeon, you walk up to an enemy silhouette on the field. Once you come into contact with an enemy silhouette, the battle begins. You can gain an advantage if you come into contact with an enemy from behind, but if the enemy comes into contact with you from behind, they'll have the advantage, so be careful. If your monsters win the battle, your monsters gain experience and you can sometimes find items. When a monster gains enough experience, they'll level up, and as your monsters continue to level up, they gain Traits, which are basically passive skills, as well as new moves to use in battle. But, if all your monsters are KO'd, then the adventure ends. You can also end the adventure manually by accessing the menu and selecting End Adventure.

Other features of Adventure Mode include a map screen, being able to ride on certain monsters like Dragon or Lesione, and...actually, that's pretty much it. The only other thing I need to explain is that playing Adventure Mode is mandatory for completing the game.

Battle System and Moves
The battle system in Monster Rancher Rebirth works exactly like previous games. Your monster and the opposing monster move back and forth on a battlefield and try to knock each other out before time runs out. In tournaments, you have the option to let the monster fight on its own or take direct control and use the moves yourself. Either way, the last monster standing is the winner. Unless neither monster is KO'd by the time time runs out, in which case, the monster with more health remaining is the winner.

To use a move, move your monster either toward or away from its opponent and hit either A, X, or B when your monster is able to attack. Each button affects the move you use. If you press A to attack, your monster's chance of hitting the enemy and how much damage its attack will do when it does hit will be pretty normal. If you hit X to attack, your monster's attack will more damage, but it'll be less likely to hit. If you hit B to attack, your monster's attack will be more likely to hit, but it'll do less damage. Sometimes, however, a move won't be triggered when you hit either button. This can mean one of three things. Moves are also divided into different ranges: Long, Mid, and Short. Thus, each move can only be assigned to certain panels when choosing what moves you want your monsters to use in battle. Speaking of that, let's go over the moves themselves. Each monster species can learn a large array of different moves to use in battle. When you first get your monster, it won't have many moves to use. But, as mentioned before, as your monsters battle wild monsters in Adventure Mode and level up, they gain new moves. Your monster has three sets of panels and each panel can hold one long range move, one mid range move, and one short range move. This means your monsters can use up to nine different moves in battle. To switch between panel sets during battle, hit Up or Down on the D-Pad.
 * 1) The monster doesn't have enough Guts saved up. Guts are basically your monster's power in battle. Different attacks use different amounts of Guts. The Guts meter charges up on its own, so all you can really do is wait.
 * 2) The monster is confused. The risk of this happening is higher when you and your monster don't have a strong bond yet. Bond with your monster and this'll happen less often.
 * 3) Your monster is in a position where it can't attack. By that, I mean the monster is either on a panel that has no moves attached to it or your monster and its enemy are too far away from each other to do anything.

Now let's go over battle formats. Aside from the regular one-on-one battles, there are also two-on-two and three-on-three battles. There are also three-against-one, three-against-two, and two-against-one battles. Each and everyone of these multi-monster battles happens in a tag team format. To switch between monsters during a tag team battle, hit the L and R buttons on the Game Pad. Also, if you go a while without attacking, your monsters will be ready to Team Up. When the Team Up status activates, if your monster lands a blow on an enemy, your monster's partners will also attack the enemy one by one. Be careful, though. If your monster fails to trigger an attack or its attack misses, you'll have to wait until the Team Up status activates again. Another thing to know about tag team battles is that in tag team tournament battles, if time runs out, then whichever team has the most remaining monsters is the winner. However, if both teams have the same number of remaining monsters, then each team's monsters have their remaining health added and whichever team has the highest total health is the winning team. Rest assured that three-against-one, three-against-two, and two-against one battles are exclusive to Adventure Mode battles, which have no time limit.

Speaking of battle statuses, there are other status effects that your monster can contract. Some of these activate when you meet certain conditions. These are the ones that help your monster. Other battle statuses happen when your monster is hit by certain attacks. These are the ones that hinder your monster. Unfortunately, aside from Team Up, I don't remember what any of these do, so I can't explain them. It's not like there's a full list of Monster Rancher statuses with explanations on each status effect that I can look at.

Another thing you can do in battle is counterattack. When the enemy attacks, you can hit the L button on your Game Pad as well as which of the three attack buttons you think the enemy used. Do it right and your monster will not only save itself from damage, but it'll also inflict damage in the enemy. Do it wrong and your monster gets hit indefinitely.

Tournaments and Rankings
Just like in previous games, different tournaments have different ranks, just like you and your monsters. When you first get a monster, it'll be limited to competing in E Rank tournaments. But, as your monster climbs through the ranks, it'll be able to fight in tournaments of higher ranks. To raise your monster's rank, it needs to win Official tournaments; the Official Rank E Tournament, the Official Rank D Tournament, and so on. However, in order to enter these Official tournaments, your monster needs to earn Star Points. Your monster earns one Star Point every time it wins a tournament unless its Star Points are maxed out. How many Star Points your monster needs to enter an Official Tournament depends on which Official Tournament it's entering. For the Official Rank E and D Tournaments, your monster will need three Star Points. For the Official Rank C and B Tournaments, your monster will need four Star Points. And for the Official Rank A and S Tournaments, your monster will need five Star Points.

Another thing to know is that tournaments come in two different formats, those being round robins and elimination tournaments. You should know pretty well what these are. Also, aside from one-on-one battle tournaments, there are also two-on-two and three-on-three tag team tournaments. If you do manage to win a tournament, you will win an item, some prize money, your monster's fame will go up, and, as stated above, your monster or monsters will each earn a Star Point.

Combining Monsters
Just like in previous games, you can combine two monsters to make a new one. You do this by freezing the two monsters and then, well, combining them. In most games, only main breeds are taken into account when combining. In Monster Rancher DS, however, you can also take sub-breeds into account when combining monsters. For example...

Suppose you were to combine a Diana (Pixie/Dragon) with a Saga (Zan/Naga). You could put Zan into the main breed slot and and Pixie into the sub-breed slot to get an Aya (Zan/Pixie). Or you could put Zan in the main breed slot and Dragon in the sub-breed slot to get a Homura (Zan/Dragon). On top of that, you could also put Pixie in the main breed slot and Naga in the sub-breed slot to get an Allure (Pixie/Naga). What you can't do, however, is put a sub-breed into the main breed slot, so don't expect to get a Niezheg (Dragon/Naga) or anything like that as a result of that fusion. Anyway, I was thinking the combining system in Monster Rancher For Wii U could work just like this. To better understand this system, it is recommended that you watch gameplay footage of Monster Rancher DS showing this combining system or play Monster Rancher DS yourself.

Another thing you can do while getting ready to combine monsters is apply certain items. These items have different effects such as providing a boost to the new monster's innate stats, increasing the new monster's life span, or even changing the result of the fusion to something else entirely like a Phoenix or a Xenon.

Now, one thing you don't want to do is combine your monsters too soon or else the new monster won't turn out so good. You'll want to wait until a certain point in your monsters' life spans. By then, your monsters' stats should be plenty high and you should have a good bond with your monsters. When that certain point in your monsters' life spans comes, your Breeder Assistant will let you know. You'll also not want to let your monsters get injured, sick, or let them run away. These can also affect the new monster.

Combining Using Beaklon, Worm, Wracky, and Wicky
Let's go over Beaklon and Worm first. In Monster Rancher 2, Worm was able to evolve into Beaklon through metamorphosis. Not only was I thinking they could include both Worm and Beaklon and bring back the metamorphosis thing, but they could also allow both Beaklon and Worm to be used when creating a monsters with Worm and Beaklon sub-breeds in Monster Rancher For Wii U. If you want to use a Worm or a Beaklon to create a monster like Jaguarbeat or Corkasus, that's fine. Either way works.

Now let's talk about Wracky and Wicky. Wrackies are basically living dolls that resemble human children and each one wields a small sword or something that matches its sub-breed. Right now, they're exclusive to Monster Rancher 2. So, what's a Wicky? Well, it's an OC of mine. It's basically the female counterpart to the Wracky. That's right. In Monster Rancher For Wii U, the Wracky has been made male only while the Wicky is female only. Not only that, but like the Wracky, the Wicky also wields a sword or something that matches its sub-breed. And like with Beaklon and Worm, you can use both Wracky and Wicky when creating a monster like Jilt or Mariomax through combining. Either way works.

Bonding
Not only can your monsters bond with you if you treat them nicely and take proper care of them, but if you have multiple monsters, they can bond with each other as well. The monsters bond on their own, but, as mentioned above, you can also increase both the bond between you and your monsters and your monsters' bond with each other by playing minigames. If your monsters have a significant bond with you, then they'll do better in battle and if your monsters have a significant bond with each other, then when your monsters fight in a tag team battle, their team attacks will be stronger when they use them. Here are ways to raise the bond between you and your monsters.

Feed your monsters things they like or at least don't mind eating.

Praise your monsters when they do things well and scold your monsters when they do things wrong. As Yuri said in Monster Rancher 4, love is both carrot and stick.

Give your monsters gifts if you decide you want to do that.

All this can be done during Free Time. And how do you know when to praise or scold your monsters? Just keep an eye on things and use your best judgement.

Taking Care of Monsters
There are many things to know when taking care of monsters. Let's start with feeding your monsters. As stated above, one thing your Breeder Assistant won't mention is your monsters' fullness. That's because you can see this for yourself when interacting with your monsters at the Ranch. Each monster has a fullness meter that goes down little by little as the weeks go by. Always be sure to feed your monsters every so often as too much hunger can cause your monsters additional fatigue.

Speaking of fatigue, this is also measured by a meter and thus, you can see it for yourself. Each monster has a fatigue meter that rises up when it trains, battles, and other things. The meter also lowers every time the monster rests. Whatever you do, don't work your monster too hard or it could end up injured, sick, or it could run away from home. This makes it a good idea to schedule rest periods for your monsters.

Speaking of injury, sickness, and running away, be sure not to let these happen to your monsters and if they do happen, don't let them happen too many times. Injury, sickness, and how many times your monsters have run away affects the monster that comes when you combine monsters. For example, if at least one of the fusion material monsters has been injured a lot, then the monster you get from the combination could end up being one that's prone to injury.

Other Controllers You Can Use In This Game
Aside from the Game Pad, you can also play Monster Rancher For Wii U using the Wii Remote and Nunchuck. You can also use a Classic Controller, whether it be a Wii Classic Controller or a Wii U Pro Controller. Let's go over how each of these work.

Wii Remote and Nunchuck
With the Wii Remote and Nunchuck, you move around with the control stick on the Nunchuck and use the A button on the Wii Remote to interact with stuff.

When regenerating monsters using the Magic Field/Magic Spell method, you point the Wii Remote at the screen and move it around while holding down the A button. This is how you draw stuff on the grids when using the Wii Remote.

When battling using the Wii Remote and Nunchuck, your attack buttons consist of the A, +, and - buttons. Attacking with the + Button makes your attacks do more damage, but it also makes your attacks less likely to hit. Attacking with the - Button will make your attacks do less damage, but they'll be more likely to hit. And as for countering, this is done using the C button on the Nunchuck plus any of the three attack buttons.

Classic/Pro Controller
Playing Monster Rancher For Wii U with either of these controllers works mostly the same as playing with the Game Pad. You use the left control stick to move around and use the A button to interact with stuff.

When regenerating monsters using the Magic Field/Magic Spell methods, there's a cursor that you move around. Move this cursor around while holding the A button to draw stuff on the grids.

When battling using a Classic or Pro Controller, your attack buttons consist of A, X, and B, just like with the Game Pad. Also, countering is done with the L button plus any of the three attack buttons.

Monster Rancher For Wii U's Monster Roster
These are the monsters I would include in Monster Rancher For Wii U if I actually could. Most of these will be monsters included in past games. Some of these monsters will be renamed and I might possibly give a redesign idea for some of these as well. There will also be new monsters created by me. OC's, if you will. And as for how I list these monsters, I will categorize them according to breed and I will also list their main breeds and sub-breeds. Anyway, here we go.

Pixie
Pixie (Pixie/Pixie)

Aero (Pixie/Tiger)

Janne (Pixie/Durahan)

Diana (Pixie/Dragon)

Allure (Pixie/Naga)

Belle (Pixie/Suzurin) This monster was originally known as Rinka. Now there's a Zan with that name.

Lilim (Pixie/Joker) Lilim's design in this game is a merging of the designs of the Lilim that came before this one. This Lilim has old Lilim's blue skin, black hair, and black wings while also having current Lilim's outfit and hair style. What do you think of that? Of course, if they don't roll with this design and choose one of the other two, that's okay too.

Faerilina (Pixie/Ripper)

Pink Princess (Pixie/Ogyo)

Sueko (Pixie/Suezo)

Mischief (Pixie/Ducken)

Angel (Pixie/Gali)

Archangel (Pixie/Xenon) Told you I might change the name. This Pixie has a halo, white hair, white armor, and white-feathered wings.

Cleo (Pixie/Abyss) A Pixie with black-feathered wings that wears black Egyptian garb. I don't know how else to describe it.

Scarlet (Pixie/Phoenix) Has phoenix wings, wears a scarlet outfit, and has orange hair.

Jilt (Pixie/Wracky or Wicky)

Night Flyer (Pixie/Worm or Beaklon) Hopefully, they'll at least let this one keep her butterfly wings.

Windine (Pixie/Lesione) Wait, doesn't this monster go by Undine? Well, not in this game. Scroll further down.

Columbina (Pixie/Piroro)

Unico (Pixie/Centaur)

Futurity (Pixie/Metalner) Redesigned to look like a Pixie with light blue hair, a light blue visor over her eyes, and silver space trooper armor. Also, she's held aloft with a jet pack rather than wings.

Kasumi (Pixie/???) This Kasumi is modeled after Kasumi as she appears in Dead or Alive 5. This Kasumi has DOA Kasumi's brown ponytail and wears the costume that DOA Kasumi wears throughout the end of Dead or Alive 5's Story Mode.

Ayane (Pixie/???) This Ayane is modeled after Ayane from Dead or Alive. She wears DOA Ayane's main costume from Dead or Alive 5.

Poison (Pixie/???) Remember this monster from Monster Rancher 2?

Tiger
I hear Tiger has red markings now. I don't know if that's true, but if it is, it'd probably be a good idea to remove them. I don't know why, but that idea doesn't sit well with me. Also, I think Tiger lost a significant amount of its moves in recent years. What happened to Tiger's ability to shoot lightning and ice blasts? That needs to be brought back.

Tiger (Tiger/Tiger)

Bargest (Tiger/Joker)

Jaguarbeat (Tiger/Beaklon or Worm)

Nightfang (Tiger/Zan)

Pod Dog (Tiger/Henger)

Guard Dog (Tiger/Durahan) This monster was originally known as Silvie, but I came up with a better name for it.

Flazer (Tiger/Dragon) I don't know why this monster hasn't been listed as a Tiger with a Dragon sub-breed in previous games. It definitely looks more like it has a Dragon sub-breed rather than an Abyss sub-breed. What were they thinking?

White Hound (Tiger/Xenon) This is a monster that needs to be reverted back to its old design. It had long horns back in earlier games, but now has these long ears. What kind of sense does that make?

Garum (Tiger/Lesione)

Ryulon (Tiger/Mogi)

Pyramidog (Tiger/Abyss) Black with an Anubis head and markings reminiscent of Abyss. This is an example of what Tecmo should have done.

Ballon (Tiger/Gali) Dandelion sounds more like a name for a Plant. Also, I'm not particularly fond of either of this monsters designs. They should redesign it again. I even have an idea for new design: white fur, a yellow mane, a gold eye mask, and of course, long, sharp horns.

Baskerville (Tiger/Gitan)

Dobor I.T. (Tiger/Metalner) Some people believe this monster might be related to Metalner and it does look like it. So, why don't we make that the case? The only thing I can think they could do with this monster's design is to turn all those yellow parts light blue. Everything else seems to be okay.

Clock Dog (Tiger/???)

Wracky
Might as well get some more elephants out of the room. I feel the Wracky has a lot of design potential, but it ended up wasted in Monster Rancher 2. The pure breed is okay, though I do have a new design idea for that. It's pretty much an updated look. Anyway, the real problem lies with Wracky's sub-breeds. Wracky's sub-breeds are just doll versions of the very monsters that are their sub-breeds. It would make sense for the Wrackies with Golem and Mock sub-breeds to be doll versions of those two monsters since Golem and Mock are a rock monster and a wood monster, respectively. But, why all those others? For this reason, I think some of Wracky's sub-breeds should be scrapped and the ones that stay should be redesigned also. It should also gain some new sub-breeds. That's why, for this segment, I'm giving a description of the designs of the Wrackies in Monster Rancher Rebirth.

Wracky (Wracky/Wracky) Redesigned to look like a boy with black hair, a white t-shirt, black shorts, white socks, and black shoes. It also wields a basic sword. Like I said, the original pure breed Wracky is okay, but I still think it'd be a good idea to give it a new, updated look. I don't know anyone in this day and age who wears the same sort of outfit the original Wracky had.

Petit Knight (Wracky/Durahan) Redesigned to look like a boy in knight's armor. This one wields a knight's sword.

Cyber Boy (Wracky/Metalner) Renamed and redesigned to look like a boy in silver cybernetic armor with a light blue visor. This one wields a light blue light saber.

Shinobi (Wracky/Antlan) Designed to look like a boy in a ninja outfit. This one wields a ninja sword.

Mini Golem (Wracky/Golem) Renamed and redesigned to look more like the current Golem. This monster wields a club.

Sun Priest (Wracky/Gali) Designed to look like a blonde boy in a white robe, a sun mask, and white shoes. This one wields a morning star.

Little Reaper (Wracky/Joker) Renamed and redesigned to look like a black-haired boy with who wears a Joker mask, a black robe, black shoes, and has a miniature scythe.

Circus Doll M (Wracky/Piroro) Designed to look like a boy dressed as a circus performer. Wields the kind of blade some circus performers are often seen juggling. By the way, the M stands for male.

Little Pharaoh M (Wracky/Abyss) Designed to look like a boy in a pharaoh costume. Wields a little scepter.

Hayabusa (Wracky/???) Modeled after Ryu Hayabusa. Wields a replica of Ryu's Dragon Sword.

Wicky
Just like Wracky, Wicky is a living doll that resembles a human child and wields a sword. Aside from gender and appearance, one thing that sets Wicky apart from Wracky is Wicky's own combat stance and move set, but that's for another day. Let's get to the list. Remember, all Wickies are female only.

Wicky (Wicky/Wicky) Designed to look like a girl with black hair, a pink tank top, blue shorts, white socks and black Mary Jane shoes. Wields a basic sword.

Petit Knightress (Wicky/Durahan) Designed to look like a blonde girl in knight's armor minus the helmet. Wields a knight's sword.

Cyber Girl (Wicky/Metalner) Designed to look like a girl in silver cybernetic armor with a light blue visor. This one does have a helmet and wields a light blue light saber.

Kunoichi (Wicky/Antlan) Designed to look like a girl in a ninja outfit. Wields a ninja sword.

Sun Priestess (Wicky/Gali) Designed to look like a blonde girl in a white robe, a sun mask, and white shoes. Wields a morning star.

Little Reapette (Wicky/Joker) Designed to look like a black-haired girl with a Joker mask, a black robe, and black shoes. Wields a mini scythe.

Little Pharaoh F (Wicky/Abyss) Designed to look like a girl in a pharaoh costume. Wields a little scepter. The F stands for female.

Circus Doll F (Wicky/Piroro) Designed to look like a girl dressed as a circus performer. Wields a kind of blade circus performers are often seen juggling.

Chimer (Wicky/Suzurin) Designed to look like a brown-haired girl wearing Suzurin's hat as well as a pink long-sleeved dress and white shoes. Wields a little bell.

Rachel (Wicky/???) Modeled after Rachel from Ninja Gaiden. Wields a replica of Rachel's hammer.

Undine
No, not the Pixie/Lesione mix. Back in Monster Rancher 2, Undine was its own seperate species. Undines were mermaid-like water spirits whose move sets consisted mainly of water and ice attacks. Unless you count Monster Farm Lagoon, which I don't, Undine was pretty much scrapped after Monster Rancher 2 and later, we got a Pixie named Undine in her place. Had I not found a different name I could use for Undine the Pixie, I would have just left that Undine out of this roster entirely. Now Undine the Pixie, who goes by Windine in Monster Rancher Rebirth, and the Undine species can coexist.

Note: Since all the new Undines in Monster Farm Lagoon don't seem to have names and their combinations are just guesses, none of those Undines from Monster Farm Lagoon will be on this roster here. ...I guess that would be obvious. Also, this should go without saying, but in Monster Rancher Rebirth, all Undines are female only.

Undine (Undine/Undine) Please let this one keep her design from Monster Rancher 2 if you haven't redesigned her already.

Siren (Undine/Joker) This one can be redesigned. I'm thinking that in this game, Siren could look like a mermaid with pale skin, black hair, and black scales. She can keep the third eye.

Sea Angel (Undine/Gali) Undine/Gali is one of the guessed combinations for the new Undines in Monster Farm Lagoon. I thought Undine/Gali sounded like a good combo, so I thought I'd make it a real combination for Monster Rancher Rebirth. Sea Angel is designed to look like a mermaid with pure white skin, blonde hair, and gold-colored scales. Sea Angel also has a gold eye mask.

Lavendine (Undine/Naga) Another guessed combination I decided to make real for this game. Lavendine is designed to look like a mermaid with lavender skin, purple hair, purple scales and snake eyes.

Ocean Fairy (Undine/Pixie) Basically an Undine with red hair, red scales, and the same skin color as Pixie. Has two horns, one on each side of her head.

Ice Maiden (Undine/Tiger) An Undine with blue hair, blue scales, and pure white skin. Has a horn on the front of her head.

Ripper
Of course I'd include one of my all-time favorite monsters. Don't mess this monster up under ANY circumstance, Tecmo!

Ripper (Ripper/Ripper)

HowlZapper (Ripper/Tiger)

Folkes (Ripper/Hare)

ArmoRipper (Ripper/Durahan) This monster was called MailRipper in Monster Rancher 4, but its name was changed to ArmoRipper in Monster Rancher EVO. I like ArmoRipper better.

Darkwhip (Ripper/Gitan)

AssasiRipper (Ripper/Joker)

Parasarian (Ripper/Lesione)

ScarClaw (Ripper/Plant)

Alkano (Ripper/Piroro)

SpaceRipper (Ripper/Metalner) A Ripper that's silver with a light blue visor. The sickles on its elbows are made of light blue lasers, as are the ends of its tail.

PieRipper (Ripper/???)

Antlan
Another favorite of mine. Don't screw this one up, either.

Antlan (Antlan/Antlan)

Quintie (Antlan/Pixie)

ProtoAnt (Antlan/Henger)

Ecologia (Antlan/Plant)

Blakkus (Antlan/Joker)

Eval (Antlan/Zan)

RedBurn (Antlan/Garu)

RageRock (Antlan/Golem)

PharoEye (Antlan/Suezo)

Falcolan (Antlan/Raiden)

Aliant (Antlan/Metalner) Has a silver body and light blue robot eyes. Its forehead crest is a light blue gem thing with curved, light blue laser blades sticking out from the left and the right.

Virtue (Antlan/Xenon) An Antlan that's pure white, has blue eyes, and a platinum wing crest on its forehead.

Dolaine (Antlan/Phoenix) Don't know why it wasn't listed as a monster with a Phoenix sub-breed in Monster Rancher 4. I mean, Antlan and Phoenix were in that same game and Dolaine really does look like it could have a Phoenix sub-breed. So, I decided to let that be the case in Monster Rancher Rebirth.

Ant. Blue (Antlan/???)

Ant. Red (Antlan/???)

Ant. Yellow (Antlan/???)

Zan
Another fave.

Zan (Zan/Zan)

Aya (Zan/Pixie)

Rinka (Zan/Suzurin) Changed my mind. Now that Rinka the Pixie has a new name and after looking at Rinka the Zan, I decided to include Rinka the Zan in Monster Rancher Rebirth's roster.

Fang (Zan/Ripper)

Homura (Zan/Dragon)

Guy (Zan/Raiden)

Ray (Zan/Lesione)

Saga (Zan/Naga)

Kagura (Zan/Ducken)

Haze (Zan/Maya)

Mudo (Zan/Joker) A Zan that's black and red, has a skull-shaped head, and the blades of its appendages look like the blade on Joker's scythe.

Hama (Zan/Xenon) A pure white Zan with blue eyes.

Lan (Zan/Metalner) A silver Zan that has a humanoid robot head and the blades on its appendages are made of light blue lasers.

Han (Zan/???)

Golem
Golem (Golem/Golem)

Pink Golem (Golem/Pixie)

BattleRocks (Golem/Durahan)

Gobi (Golem/Henger)

Jailkeeper (Golem/Zan)

Titan (Golem/Suezo)

Poseidon (Golem/Jell)

Eagle King (Golem/Raiden)

Gigabio (Golem/Gitan)

Mochimonk (Golem/Mochi)

Mariomax (Golem/Wracky or Wicky) Redesigned in accordance with Golem's current design.

Astro (Golem/Metalner)

Magna (Golem/Worm or Beaklon) Redesigned in accordance with Golem and Beaklon's current designs. It's brown and has green eyes like those of Beaklon.

Amenhotep (Golem/Gali) Another one redesigned in accordance with Golem's current design. This one is white with a gold sun mask and some gold plates on its arms.

Angolmor (Golem/Joker) Redesigned in accordance with Golem and Joker's current designs. Its head looks like a white skull and its body is black. It also has black wings on its back.

Big-Tokobot (Golem/???)

Butcher King (Golem/???)

Hare
This monster not only needs to be reverted back to its old design, but it also needs to be given back its old move set. Or here's a thought. Give it back some of its original move set and let it keep some of its current set. Merge the two move sets, that might work.

Hare (Hare/Hare)

Pulscorn (Hare/Tiger)

Fairy Hare (Hare/Pixie)

Rocky Fur (Hare/Golem)

Gunbitt (Hare/Durahan)

Jackoranta (Hare/Pancho)

Tobita (Hare/Raiden)

Marm (Hare/Maya)

Rabeetle (Hare/Worm or Beaklon) Remember. This is a reboot. Rabeetle replaces Wild Hare as the Hare with a Worm sub-breed. Its a Hare with brown shell armor and green eyes like Beaklon's. It's not four-eyed, though.

Royal Hare (Hare/Gali) It was once named Prince Hare, but with genders present in Monster Rancher Rebirth, it needed a new name.

Robunny (Hare/Metalner) A Hare with silver armor and blue robot eyes.

Spyhare (Hare/Wracky or Wicky) Some people have guessed that Spyhare could very well have a Wracky sub-breed and it does look like it, so I decided, why not make that the case?

Shellbit (Hare/Arrowhead) A Hare with red shell armor.

Hoppit (Hare/Hopper) A Hare that pretty much has Hopper's colors.

Ellylon (Hare/Zan) A Hare with black armor that has tiny blades around the spots where Hare's knuckles are.

Kung Fu Hare (Hare/???)

Mew
Another monster that needs be reverted to its original design. Mew used to have real eyes and a face that could actually change expression. Why did they change it to a monster with buttons for eyes and can only smile, even when upset? For the best look at Mew's old design, watch any episode of the Monster Rancher anime that features Mum Mew. There's also an episode that features a pure breed Mew.

Mew (Mew/Mew)

Mum Mew (Mew/Pixie)

BowMew (Mew/Tiger)

AntMew (Mew/Antlan)

MikMew (Mew/Garu)

SkullMew (Mew/Joker)

Bastet (Mew/Abyss) The new Mew with an Abyss sub-breed. Has a black face, blue eyes, and is dressed in Abyss-colored Egyptian garb.

DevilMew (Mew/Gitan)

DuckMew (Mew/Ducken)

HipMew (Mew/Wracky or Wicky) Yep. Another monster that people assumed is related to Wracky.

MochiMew (Mew/Mochi)

AstroMew (Mew/Metalner) A Mew that wears cybernetic silver armor complete with a visor over its eyes.

NobleMew (Mew/Durahan) A Mew that wears knight armor.

MewHop (Mew/Hopper) A Mew with Hopper's colors and a Hopper-esque head.

GrayMew (Mew/Ripper)

Mewnda (Mew/???) I don't know what went through Tecmo's heads when they made Mewnda the Mew with a Pancho sub-breed. Mewnda looks nothing like Pancho. It doesn't even have any of Pancho's features like the trademark pumpkin shells. It's another case of, "What were they thinking?". That's why, in Monster Rancher Rebirth, Mewnda is a Special Breed.

CaliMew (Mew/???) A Mew with calico patterns.

Rover (Mew/???) A Mew modeled after Rover from Animal Crossing. Hey, it's a Wii U game. I'm sure Nintendo would allow it. It'd make a nice Easter egg.

Now, before I move on, imagine all the Mews from AntMew all the way down to Mewnda with real eyes and a face that can change expression. Yes, even the new ones. Look good? I definitely think so. Again, what was Tecmo thinking, giving Mew that new design?

Hopper
This is a monster that needs an upgrade just as Suzurin got an upgrade in Monster Rancher 4. I've never raised a Hopper, but according to the Monster Rancher wiki, Hoppers promote Accuracy, but aren't very strong otherwise. So, for this game, I think it would be a good idea to let Hoppers also promote Power or Speed. It also needs a new move set consisting of moves taken right out of martial arts. Martial arts like Jeet Kune Do, Ba Ji Quan, and more. That would be both awesome and fitting.

Hopper (Hopper/Hopper)

Skipper (Hopper/Tiger)

Springer (Hopper/Metalner)

Skull Hopper (Hopper/Joker) Renamed and redesigned. Skull Hopper's head is colored to match Joker's head while its body is black. It also has bat wings on its back and as for the eyes, they are red, but the red is where the eye's irises are.

Eagle Hopper (Hopper/Raiden) Basically a Hopper with Raiden's colors.

Ninja Hopper (Hopper/Antlan) A Hopper that has Antlan's colors and a forehead crest.

Juggler (Hopper/Piroro) A Hopper with Piroro's colors.

Noble Hopper (Hopper/Durahan) A Hopper in knight armor.

Beetle Hopper (Hopper/Worm or Beaklon) A Hopper with brown shell armor and green eyes.

Slasher (Hopper/Zan) A Hopper with black armor, red eyes, and tiny blades where its knuckes are.

Gentle Hopper (Hopper/Wracky or Wicky) A Hopper in a tuxedo.

Shell Hopper (Hopper/Arrowhead) A Hopper with red shell armor and blue eyes.

Devil Hopper (Hopper/Gitan) A Hopper with Gitan's colors.

Frog Hopper (Hopper/???)

I had a much harder time with this segment that the others before it. With the Hopper species as a whole being exclusive to Monster Rancher 2, you don't have a lot to work with.

Mocchi
Mocchi (Mocchi/Mocchi)

Pengi Mocchi (Mocchi/Tiger)

Manna (Mocchi/Pixie)

Muchi (Mocchi/Hare)

Armocchi (Mocchi/Durahan)

Gizu Mocchi (Mocchi/Antlan)

Beetle Mocchi (Mocchi/Worm or Beaklon)

Draco Mocchi (Mocchi/Dragon)

Pumpkimocchi (Mocchi/Pancho)

Gelatine (Mocchi/Jell)

Drill Mocchi (Mocchi/Mogi)

Gentlemocchi (Mocchi/Wracky or Wicky) It was listed as a Special Breed in Monster Rancher 2, but people seem to think it was related to the Wracky. It looks like it, but then, why wasn't it listed as such back then? I mean, Gentlemocchi and Wracky were both in Monster Rancher 2. Was it some kind of mistake? Well, if it is, it's corrected in Monster Rancher Rebirth.

Gingie (Mocchi/Ripper)

OwlMocchi (Mocchi/Raiden)

Beakie (Mocchi/Ducken)

White Mocchi (Mocchi/Xenon)

Devi (Mocchi/???)

Suezo
Suezo (Suezo/Mogi)

Hornie (Suezo/Tiger)

Gamba (Suezo/Hare)

Pink Eye (Suezo/Pixie)

Eyebee (Suezo/Worm or Beaklon)

Green Suezo (Suezo/Plant)

Zanzo (Suezo/Zan)

Fukazo (Suezo/Lesione)

Hipzo (Suezo/Mogi)

Nycta (Suezo/Raiden)

Clear Suezo (Suezo/Jell)

White Suezo (Suezo/Xenon)

Metzo (Suezo/Metalner) A silver Suezo with a blue eye and alien antennae.

BaseballBoy (Suezo/???)

Naga
Naga (Naga/Naga)

Jungler (Naga/Plant)

Cyclops (Naga/Suezo)

HakTak (Naga/Ripper)

RoseoCobra (Naga/Mocchi)

Ceto (Naga/Henger)

Blobster (Naga/Arrowhead) I don't know about others, but I certainly think this monster looks like it could have an Arrowhead sub-breed. So, why not make that the case in Monster Rancher Rebirth?

Bazula (Naga/Gali) Redesigned in accordance with Naga's current design.

Hydra (Naga/Jell)

Bloodstra (Naga/???)

WildWestCobra (Naga/???)

Dragon
Dragon (Dragon/Dragon)

Diabolos (Dragon/Joker)

Niezheg (Dragon/Naga)

Sraosha (Dragon/Maya)

Owlbeard (Dragon/Raiden)

Crevasse (Dragon/Tiger)

RockDragon (Dragon/Golem)

TechnoDragon (Dragon/Henger)

Corkasus (Dragon/Worm or Beaklon)

Cosmo Dragon (Dragon/Metalner) A renamed and redesigned monster. Space Dragon is a silver dragon with a light blue visor and a mace ball at the end of its tail.

Gariel (Dragon/Gali) Redesigned to be a white Dragon with a gold mask on its face, white-feathered wings, gold arm bands, and a gold ring around its tail.

GameProbot (Dragon/???)

Paper Dragon (Dragon/???)

Raiden
Raiden (Raiden/Raiden)

Griffonite (Raiden/Durahan)

Raiducken (Raiden/Ducken)

Gargoyle (Raiden/Naga)

Naskaova (Raiden/Henger)

EvilBeak (Raiden/Gitan)

Flaminden (Raiden/Pixie)

Flamingo (Raiden/Ogyo)

Aguila (Raiden/Garu)

Seaguile (Raiden/Lesione)

Cybird (Raiden/Metalner) A Raiden in silver armor with a light blue visor.

Hresvelgr (Raiden/Xenon) A pure-white Raiden.

Suzaku (Raiden/Phoenix) A Raiden with an orange upper body, a red lower body, and yellow feet. Also has a head shaped like that of the Phoenix.

Peacocken (Raiden/???)

Captain Bird (Raiden/???)

Phoenix
Phoenix (Phoenix/Phoenix)

Blue Phoenix (Phoenix/Tiger) Recolored so that Blue Phoenix's body color is the same shade of blue as Tiger's blue fur.

White Phoenix (Phoenix/Xenon) A pure white Phoenix.

Deathwing (Phoenix/Joker) Why wasn't it listed as a Phoenix with a Joker sub-breed back in Monster Rancher 4?

Cinderbird (Phoenix/???)

Durahan
Durahan (Durahan/Durahan)

Glacier (Durahan/Tiger)

Lesziena (Durahan/Pixie)

Versailline (Durahan/Suzurin)

Vesuvius (Durahan/Dragon)

Genocider (Durahan/Joker)

Hermes (Durahan/Antlan)

Berserker (Durahan/Naga)

Goldie (Durahan/Suezo)

Lorica (Durahan/Arrowhead)

Garuda (Durahan/Phoenix)

Hercules (Durahan/Worm or Beaklon)

Curevis (Durahan/Pancho)

Omoro Knight (Durahan/Ducken)

Dark Raider (Durahan/Zan)

Kresnik (Durahan/Gali)

Beowulf (Durahan/Garu)

Heimdall (Durahan/Gitan)

Astro Knight (Durahan/Metalner) A renamed monster. The only real redesign this monster has is the color of the light saber it wields, which is now light blue. Oh, there's also its helmet, which, in this game, is basically a space helmet.

Power (Durahan/Xenon) A platinum Durahan with a white feather on its helmet.

Ruby Knight (Durahan/???)

Kagemusha (Durahan/???)

Xenon
I've decided that the Xenon roster not only needs tweaking, but also some expanding upon. There aren't a lot of Xenons out there and that needs to be fixed.

Xenon (Xenon/Xenon)

Seraph (Xenon/Phoenix) An orange Xenon with yellow accents.

Metatron (Xenon/Metalner) A silver Xenon with light blue accents.

Snow Angel (Xenon/Tiger) A Xenon with Tiger's colors.

Gaia (Xenon/Centaur) Let's let this be the only monster named Gaia.

Inti (Xenon/Gali) A Xenon with Gali's colors.

Caesar (Xenon/???)

Okay, it looks like I couldn't get as much in this segment as I thought I would. Well, it's still better than what the Xenon roster had in Monster Rancher DS. There were only two Xenons, not counting Xenon-ish.

Joker
Joker (Joker/Joker)

Flame Joker (Joker/Phoenix)

Shoja (Joker/???) Oh yeah. What was an enemy-exclusive monster back in Monster Rancher EVO can be owned by the player in this game.

Ghars (Joker/???)

Grim Reaper (Joker/???)

Toryo (Joker/???)

Garu
Garu (Garu/Garu)

Wolfie (Garu/Tiger)

Moose (Garu/Hare)

Shidao (Garu/Ripper)

TriEye (Garu/Suezo)

Battleleon (Garu/Durahan)

Zabel (Garu/Zan)

MermaGaru (Garu/Naga)

Capitano (Garu/Piroro)

Ingarul (Garu/???)

Goku (Garu/???)

Piroro
Piroro (Piroro/Piroro)

Urara (Piroro/Tiger)

DeathClown (Piroro/Joker)

Flower (Piroro/Plant)

Dorara (Piroro/Dragon)

HawkClaw (Piroro/Raiden)

Kablo (Piroro/Worm or Beaklon)

Salome (Piroro/Zan)

Pururu (Piroro/Mocchi)

Silver Piroro (Piroro/Metalner) Yeah, might as well.

Gold Piroro (Piroro/Gali)

Zeburo (Piroro/???)

Maya
Maya (Maya/Maya)

ChuraMaya (Maya/Pixie)

Irabuya (Maya/Naga)

Faylay (Maya/Ripper)

TeeMaya (Maya/Raiden)

MuiMaya (Maya/Plant)

YamiMaya (Maya/Joker)

Shiisa (Maya/Garu)

Gappaya (Maya/Suezo)

FrosMaya (Maya/Tiger) A Maya with Tiger's colors.

MetaMaya (Maya/Metalner) A Maya that's silver, has light blue eyes, and light blue wings. Also has other light blue accents.

DemiMaya (Maya/Gitan) A Maya with Gitan's colors.

Haman (Maya/???)

NorMaya (Maya/???)

Lesione
Lesione (Lesione/Lesione)

Scarabio (Lesione/Worm or Beaklon)

Grapie (Lesione/Naga)

MocchiSaurua (Lesione/Mocchi)

Yuma (Lesione/Henger)

LavaLessie (Lesione/Dragon)

Merlion (Lesione/Garu)

Uminaibi (Lesione/Maya)

Jelly Saurus (Lesione/Jell)

Oasie (Lesione/Abyss) A Lesione with Abyss's colors. Has a head that looks like Lesione's head and Abyss's head merged into one.

LessieOrca (Lesione/???)

ClownLessie (Lesione/???)

Abyss
Another monster whose roster did not make a very good debut. Some of Abyss' sub-breeds are good, but others are absolute fail.

Abyss (Abyss/Abyss)

Karma (Abyss/Piroro)

Cosmic Abyss (Abyss/Gali)

Ent (Abyss/Plant)

Shadow Mage (Abyss/Joker) This one was the biggest fail of all back in Monster Rancher DS. Even bigger than Mewbyss, who won't be on here. Shadow Mage had a Falco sub-breed back in Monster Rancher DS, but it looked nothing like Falco. Plus, Shadow Mage? That sounds like a name you'd give to a monster with a Joker sub-breed. The Shadow Mage in Monster Rancher Rebirth is both redesigned and given a new sub-breed. The Shadow Mage in Monster Rancher Rebirth is basically an Abyss with Joker's colors. It also wields its own kind of scythe.

Frost (Abyss/Tiger) An Abyss that has Tiger's colors and wields a snowflake staff.

Metabyss (Abyss/Metalner) An Abyss with Metalner's colors. It wields a UFO staff.

Waverly (Abyss/Lesione) An Abyss with Lesione's colors. It wields a seashell staff and has some fin-like accents here and there.

Devibyss (Abyss/Gitan) An Abyss with Gitan's colors. Wields a long trident.

Tenuki (Abyss/???)

Gali
Most of these will be renamed monsters. It's just to give the names of these monsters some variety and not have most of them have Mask in the name.

Gali (Gali/Gali)

Sapphire (Gali/Tiger)

Ruby (Gali/Pixie)

Amethyst (Gali/Naga)

Topaz (Gali/Suezo)

Aquamarine (Gali/Jell)

Apollo (Gali/Phoenix) A Gali with an orange sun mask and an orange cloak.

Obsidian (Gali/Zan) A Gali with a charcoal black mask and a black cloak.

Dominion (Gali/Xenon) A Gali with a white mask and a white cloak.

Emerald (Gali/Plant) Renamed and redesigned with a green mask rather than a reddish mask. The cloak is also all green.

Happy Mask (Gali/???)

Luna (Gali/???) A Gali with a moon mask rather than a sun mask. Its cloak is a dark blue.

With the exception of Ruby, who was originally named Pixel and wasn't in Monster Rancher 2, all of the Galis above Apollo use the same designs they had in Monster Rancher 2. Happy Mask also uses its design from Monster Rancher 2. Ruby, on the other hand, uses her design from Monster Rancher 1 minus the writing on the mask.

Centaur
Centaur (Centaur/Centaur)

Ferious (Centaur/Pixie)

Celious (Centaur/Tiger)

Chariot (Centaur/Durahan)

Dragoon (Centaur/Dragon) Redesigned in accordance with Dragon's current design.

Antares (Centaur/ArrowHead)

Trojan (Centaur/Golem) Redesigned in accordance with Golem's current design.

Speed Demon (Centaur/Joker) Renamed and redesigned in accordance with Joker's current design.

Throne (Centaur/Xenon) A pure white Centaur that carries a white spear with a platinum point.

Desert Steed (Centaur/Abyss) A renamed monster. Why was this monster originally named Bastet?

Dark Piercer (Centaur/Zan)

Comet (Centaur/Metalner) A Centaur who has a lower half of a silver horse and the upper body of a space trooper. Its spear is a light saber spear whose point is made of light blue lasers.

Blue Thunder (Centaur/???)

Metalner
They say this monster suffers pretty badly in its stats, except for Accuracy and Defense. If so, its other stats need a bit of a boost too. It doesn't have to be a big boost, though. Just enough for Metalner to get by better. Might also want to give it some new moves too.

Metalner (Metalner/Metalner)

(Metalner/Zan) A black Metalner with red eyes. I don't have a name for this one right now.

Love-Seeker (Metalner/Pixie)

(This page is incomplete. More will be added later.)